Meaning
This is the most basic Japanese sentence pattern. It is one of the first grammar patterns taught at the N5 level.
You can use it to say your name, someone’s name, job, or identity.
は (wa) is a particle that marks the topic of the sentence.
Unlike English, the subject is often omitted in Japanese if it is clear from context.
What You Can Say with This Pattern
You can use this sentence pattern with nouns and adjectives such as:
• Names (もも、たろう)
• Jobs (先生、学生、会社員)
• Nationalities (日本人、イギリス人)
• Adjectives (きれい、やさしい)
Vocabulary list
| わたし(私) | watashi | I |
| もも | momo | Japanese female name |
| たろう(太郎) | tarō | Japanese male name |
| せんせい(先生) | sensē | Teacher |
| かいしゃいん(会社員) | kaishain | Office worker |
| がくせい(学生) | gakusē | students |
| にほんじん(日本人) | nihonjin | Japanese person |
| ともだち(友達) | tomodachi | friend |
| きれい | kirē | beautiful/clean |
| やさしい(優しい) | yasashī | kind |
Examples
わたし は もも です。(I am Momo.)
(Watashi wa momo desu.)
かれ は 先生 です。(He is a teacher.)
(Kare wa sensei desu.)
かのじょ は 友だち です。(She is my friend.)
(Kanojo wa tomodachi desu)
かれら は 学生 です。(They are students.)
(Karera wa gakusei desu)
かのじょたち は 日本人 です。(They are Japanese.)
(Kanojotachi wa nihonjin desu)
かのじょ は きれい です。(She is beautiful.)
(Kanojo wa kirei desu)
山田先生 は やさしい です。(Mr Yamada is kind. )
(Yamada sensei wa yasashii desu)
※When addressing a teacher in Japanese, add “sensei” after their family name.
Pronunciation Note
Although it is written as 「は」, it is pronounced “wa” when used as a particle in this sentence pattern. This happens only when 「は」 is used as a particle, not when it is part of a word.
かのじょ は はは です → kanojo wa haha desu (She is my mother).
Negative Form
To say something is not, use:
• 〜は~ではありません (formal)
• 〜は~ではないです (slightly casual)
“では”can also be said as “じゃ” and it has the same meaning. In this post, I’ll stick to “では” for consistency.
Examples:
• わたし は 学生ではありません。 (I am not a student.)
(Watashi wa gakusei dewa arimasen)
• かれ は 先生 ではないです。 (He is not a teacher.)
(Kare wa sensei dewanai desu)
Question Form
To ask a question, add ですか? at the end:
• あなたは日本人ですか? (Are you Japanese?)
(Anata wa nihonjin desuka)
→はい、日本人です。(Yes, I’m Japanese.)
(Hai, nihonjin desu)
→いいえ、日本人ではありません。(No, I’m not Japanese.)
(Iie, nihonjin dewa arimasen)
Practice Section
Exercise 1: Translate to Japanese
1. I am a student.
2. He is not Japanese.
3. She is kind.
Exercise 2: Translate to English
1. わたし は 会社員です。
2. かれ は 学生ではありません。
3. かのじょ は きれいです。
Answers are at the end.
Tip: Try saying these sentences out loud to practice pronunciation. Remember, 「は」 is pronounced “wa.”
Summary
•The ~は~です pattern means **~ is / am / are**.
• It’s used to describe identity, job, nationality, or basic characteristics.
• The particle は is pronounced “wa” in this context.
Next, learn N5 grammar 「の」 – how to say “my,” “your,” and “of” in Japanese.
Answer
Exercise 1: Translate to Japanese
1. I am a student.→ わたしは学生です。
2. He is not Japanese.→かれは日本人ではありません。
3. She is kind.→かのじょはやさしいです。
Exercise 2: Translate to English
1. わたし は 会社員です。→I’m a company employee.
2. かれ は 学生ではありません。→He is not a student.
3. かのじょ は きれいです。→ She is beautiful.